一带一路：义乌的中国制造如何影响全球

　　昨日义乌：“鸡毛换糖”的编年史

　　Past Yiwu: Chronicle of "Feather for Sugar"

　　义乌为什么能成为今天的义乌？因为义乌的发展离不开其根植于其血脉中的“鸡毛换糖”的商贸文化。“鸡毛换糖”可追溯到明末清初，其形成是以当地的红糖工业为基础的。

　　What has contributed to making Yiwu be as prosperous and bustling as it is at present? The answer is the trade culture of "feather for sugar"(obtain sugar by giving chicken feather) deeply rooted in its essence. The history of "feather for sugar", whose formation as well as development was based on the local brown sugar industry, could be traced back to the period of Late Ming Dynastyand Early Qing Dynasty.

　　据了解，早时换糖人外出所带货物一般只是本地所产的红糖，及用红糖加工的各种糖粒糖块；他们将所交换来的上好的鸡毛加工后出售，余下的用来做肥料。随着时间的推移，他们的糖担里逐渐增加了针线、发夹、手帕、头巾之类的货物。

　　It is said that in the early days, sugar-exchangers would only carry brown sugar produced locally and so-made candy with them; after selling processed products made of chicken feather they had exchanged, they collected the rest to make it fertilizer. Over time, goods like needlework, hairpins, handkerchieves and scarfs could also be seen in their loads.

　　义乌小商品市场最早起源于上个世纪60年代末。20世纪70年代后期，一些换糖人专做长途贩运生意，逐渐形成了小商品。其中部分人开始自己摸索加工一些小商品，在集市上售于外出换糖人及消费者，于是，一个自发的小商品市场悄然形成。

　　Yiwu Small Commodity Market was originated in the late 1960s. After about ten years, some sugar-exchangers majoring in doing long-distance transportation of goods and small commodities gradually came into form. Part of them began to process some small commodities by their own to sell to the outgoing sugar-exchangers and other consumers as well. Thanks to that, an auto-formed market of small commodities has taken shape inconspicuously.

　　1982年9月，义乌县政府正式批准开放湖清门小百货市场。资料显示，湖清门小百货市场是铺设水泥板的露天市场，当时投资9000元，摊位共700个。如今，清湖门小百货市场摇身变成了占地面积550余万平方米的义乌中国小商品城。

　　In September, 1982, Yiwu County Government officially aggred to open Hu-Qing-Men Small Commodity Market. Relevant data shows that it was an open-air market with 700 stalls, costing 9,000 yuan. Nowadays, it has already changed into Yiwu Chinese Small Commodity Marketcovering more than 5,50,000 kilometer.

　　据了解，义乌中国小商品城目前商位7.5万个，从业人员21万，日客流量21万人次，经营26个大类，180万个单品。2016年小商品城成交额为1105.79亿元，继续领跑全球各大专业市场。

　　As we have known, there are75,000 stalls and 210,000 workers for operating 1.8 million merchandises,belonging to 26 different categories, in YiwuChineseSmallCommodityMarket, with 21,000 customers coming to per day.

　　2011年3月，义乌经国务院批准，成为全国唯一一个在县级市开展的国家级综合改革试点。

　　Since the March of 2011, with the approval of the State Council, Yiwu has become the onlycomprehensive reform experimental unit at the national level being in process at a county-level city.

　　今日义乌：转型升级的“新气象”

　　Present Yiwu: “new climate” of transformation and upgrading

　　今年是虞菊芳入驻义乌中国小商品城国际商贸城一区的第15个年头。2002年，虞菊芳在当地做起了玻璃生意，如今她主要经营的是玻璃工艺制品的高端订制等业务。

　　This year is the fifteenth year of Yu Jufang settled in zone 1 of Yiwu China Small Commodity Market International Trade City. In 2002, Yu Jufang began to do some glass business in the local, and now she is mainly engaged in glass products such as high-end custom business.

　　虞菊芳表示，对比这些年的变化，人们比过去更加理性，更加关心商品的实用价值，此外，特别是近年来，产品的销售渠道也发生了翻天覆地的变化。“过去线上的销量只占我总销量的30%，现在却反过来了。”

　　Yu Jufang said that in contrast to these years of change, people are more rational than ever, more concerned about the practical value of goods, in addition, especially in recent years, the product sales channels have undergone tremendous changes."In the past online sales accounted for just only 30% of my total sales, but now it turns out."

　　虞菊芳所感受的变化并非个例。4月23日，记者在义乌国际商贸城一区采访时，虽然其主场馆热闹依旧，但仍见不到熙熙攘攘的人群。

　　Yu Jufang’s experience is not a single case of change. April 23rd, when the reporter interviewed in 1 District, Yiwu International Trade City , although the main venue is still lively, but still can not see the bustling crowd.

　　李燕对这样的情况并不意外，“一方面是淘宝、天猫、京东对线下零售以及消费习惯的冲击，而另一方面，则是消费者消费理念的升级。”

　　Li Yan is not surprised this situation, “on the one hand, Taobao and Tmall impact on offline retail and consumer habits, while on the other hand, it is the upgrading of consumer concept.

　　对此，义乌并非束手无策，当地一直紧随时代的潮流。2007年，第一家淘宝店“邻家实惠小店”在义乌江东街道青岩刘村开业，义乌便迈入了一个新的时代。

　　In this regard, Yiwu is not helpless, the local has been followed by the trend of the times. In 2007, the first Taobao shop “next door affordable shop”opened in Yiwu, Liu Jiang dong Street, Qing yan Liu village, Yiwu has entered a new era.

　　从义乌市电子商务工作领导小组办公室获悉，近年来，义乌电子商务贸易额以超过30%的年增长率增长，从2010年的250亿元上升到2016年的1770亿元。目前义乌有各类网拍店铺200余家、电商账户25.2万个，各类物流企业2500多家，全球20强船务公司有18家在义乌开设分公司或办事处。

　　Reporters learned from the Yiwu municipal e-commerce work leading group office, in recent years, Yiwu e-commerce trade volume grow as annual growth rate more than 30%, from 25 billion yuan in 2010 rose to 177 billion in 2016.

　　2014年，国务院总理李克强赴青岩刘村调研时，称其不愧是“网店第一村”，并提出了“大众创业、万众创新”的口号。从此，青岩刘村便有了“中国网店第一村”的称号。截至2016年，青岩刘村的网店总数已达到3500多家，年销售额近50亿元，日均出单量10万单。

　　On 2014, when Chinese Premier Li Keqiang went to do a research in Qing yan Liu village, said it is worthy of being called No.1 E Commerce Village, and put forward a slogan as “mass entrepreneurship and innovation.” From then on, Qing yan Liu village had the title "China's No.1 E Commerce Village". As of 2016, the total number of shop Qing yan Liu village has reached more than 3 thousand and 500, with annual sales of nearly 5 billion yuan, the average daily volume of 100 thousand forms.

　　青岩刘村党支部书记毛胜平在接受记者采访时表示，当地的窍门在于“抓服务”。2015年8月，青岩刘村创业孵化中心投入使用，提供了50个免费工位、免费电脑、免费培训、免费货源对接、小额免息创业贷款以及优惠快递等服务，同时对于孵化成功的企业还提供了一站式租房、注册、办证等服务。

　　Mao Shengping, the party branch secretary in Qing yan Liu village said in an interview, the trick is in local is to "focus on the service". In August 2015, Qing yan Liu village incubation center put into use, provides 50 free stations, free computer, free training, free supply docking, small business loans and preferential interest free courier service, at the same time, also provide one-stop rental, registration, accreditation and other services for the successful business incubator .

　　此外，青岩刘村不仅先后成立了义乌工商学院创业实验室、网络模特孵化基地等，为了改善当地的创业环境，当地村委还自主创办了青岩刘村网商创业服务有限公司，负责当地电商运营管理服务。

　　In addition, Qing yan Liu village not only has set up a Yiwu Business School entrepreneurship incubator laboratory, network model, in order to improve the local environment, the local village autonomy also founded the Qing yan Liu village network operators business services limited company, responsible for local electricity supplier operations management services.

　　庄帅认为，要把电商发展起来，首先需要形成产业链，因此相关的服务设施是不可或缺的，但从义乌的发展看，还是非常不错。

　　Zhuang Shuai believes that if you want to develop the electricity supplier, first of all you need to form an industrial chain, so the relevant service facilities are indispensable, but from the development of Yiwu, it is still very good.

　　网络大V、中国产业集聚研究专家杨建国认为，义乌过去传统的“鸡毛换糖”的发展精神让义乌实现了从贫穷到富裕的艰难迁徙而在发展电商的过程中，义乌提出了“鸡毛换糖再出发”，将义乌的经验成功地带到新产业和新经济上。

　　Yang Jianguo, the internet celebrity and China industrial agglomeration expert, believes that Yiwu traditional "feather for sugar" development spirit let Yiwu realized the difficult migration from poverty to affluence and into the development of the electricity supplier in the process, Yiwu put forward "restart from feather for sugar", bring Yiwu's experience to new industries and new economies successfully.

　　李燕表示，除了产业链的发展和服务质量的提升以外，义乌的小商品也已经告别“低端货”，很多产品的品质已经接近国际标准。据相关部门介绍，当地不少企业已相继建成小商品研发中心，谋求转型升级。

　　Li Yan said that in addition to the development of the industrial chain and enhance the quality of service, Yiwu commodity has also bid farewell to the low-end goods, the quality of many products have been close to international standards. According to the relevant departments, many local enterprises have built a small commodity research and development center, seeking transformation and upgrading.

　　明日义乌：中国制造影响世界

　　Future Yiwu:"Made in China" influences the world

　　在庄帅看，义乌的未来在于跨境电商的发展。“跨境电商本来就是义乌的优势所在，如今义乌小商品已经受到越来越多国家的认可。”庄帅表示，每个国家发展水平不一样，很多国家对于义乌的小商品非常依赖，中国商品的输出，也将促进各个地区发展的平衡。

　　To Zhuang Shuai,the future of Yiwu depends on the development of Cross-border E-commerce."TheCross-borderE-commerce is the original strength of Yiwu,now Yiwu commodity is recognized by more and more countries."ZhuangShuai said,the level of development of countries are diverse and a lot of countries really rely on Yiwu commodity.The export of Chinese goods will promote the balanced development of all regions.

　　2014年11月18日上午，首趟中欧班列(“义新欧”铁路)从浙江义乌始发。该班列共有41节列车，运载82个标准集装箱出口，铁路全长13000多公里，是目前中国史上行程最长、途经城市和国家最多、境外铁路换轨次数最多的火车专列。至今这条中欧班列已往返义乌和马德里超过160次。

　　On morning of 18th November 2014,the first Yiwu-Xinjiang-Europe train(the YXE Railway) set off from Yiwu. The train has 41 sections which carry out the export of 82 standard contains.他he total length of the railway is more than 13 thousand kilometers. It is the train which has the longest stroke,pass the most cities and countries and has the maximum times changing its track. The YXE train has contacted Yiwu and Madrid more than 160 times until now.

　　“义新欧”的运营方、天盟实业投资有限公司董事长冯旭斌在接受记者采访时表示，“义新欧”铁路每周发车两趟，每次发车不少于41节，目前该专列从义乌到达终点站马德里，仅需要17-18日，且运费比航空运输低了1/5。

　　The Operator of “the YXE Railway” and The Chairman of Timex Industrial Investment Co.Ltd,Zhang Xubin said when interviewed by journalist,”the YXE Railway” set off twice a week and the sections of the train are not less than 41. Now the train from Yiwu to destination Madrid only takes 17 or 18 days and its freight is 1/5 lower than air transport.

　　庄帅认为，“义新欧”铁路，是在“一带一路”战略中，对中国国家软实力的体现。“首先，以前走丝绸之路，传到国外的主要是茶叶、丝绸和瓷器，现代丝绸之路带出去的品类更加细化、品种更加丰富的小商品，这些是很多国家急需的，也是非常适合进行批发的；其次，把这么多商品从太平洋的这头，运到大西洋的那头，对于中国的运输能力是一种考验。”他表示，通过“一带一路”战略的推进，也将倒逼中国的企业继续向着标准化、产业化目标迈近。

　　Zhuang Shuai thinks,“the YXE Railway” is the embodiment of Chinese national soft power in “The Belt and the Road”. “Firstly, we mainly exported tea,silk and porcelain to foreign countries through The Silk Road before,the modern Silk Road exports more refined and various commodities to foreigners. These commodities are urgently needed in many countries,they are also suitable for wholesale; Secondly,it is a test of China’s freight capacity to transport the goods from side of The Pacific Ocean to the other side of The Atlantic.” He said, it will force Chinese enterprises to get close to standardization and industrialization through “The Belt and the Road”.

　　李燕认为，“一带一路”的核心实则在于经济与文化的交流，前提则是基于不同文化之间的相互交流，相互理解。李燕表示，中国输出的文化是公平贸易的文化，而不是意识形态的强势输出，不是要求其他处于丝绸之路经济带的国家必须去做什么，而是为了满足其他国家对于贸易文化的需求。最终则是对全球经济格局，为世界的和平、稳定和发展留下“中国印记”。

　　Li Yan thinks,the core of “The Belt and the Road” is the communication of economy and culture, the premise is based on communication and comprehension between different cultures. Li Yan said,the culture Chinese exported is a culture of fair trade,not strong output of ideology,not ordering other countries who are at the Silk Road Economic Zone to do what they dislike,but to meet the cultural and commercial needs of them. Finally,we will leave “The Chinese Imprint” in the global economy,peace,stability and development.

　　今年是埃及商人Ammar Ashour来到中国的第8个年头。2010年他在浙江义乌开了一家贸易公司，目前他的客源很多来自埃及、沙特阿拉伯和美国等国家。

　　This is Ammar Ashour’s 8th year in China. In 2010 he opened a commercial company in Zhejiang, Yiwu,now many of his customers are from Egypt,Saudi Arabia,the United States and other countries.

　　Ashour告诉记者，中国的“一带一路”政策非常好，外国人在中国做生意，享受了很多便捷。同时，他也发现中国的互联网非常便捷，几乎什么都可以买到。他表示，他的梦想在中国得到了实现。

　　Ashour told the journalist,the Chinese“The Belt and the Road”is so wonderful that foreigners can get a lot of convenience when do business in China. At the same time,he also found the internet in China is so convenient that he can buy almost everything. He said his dream is realized in China.

　　义乌是世界“小商品之都”，每年到义乌采购的境外客商近50万人次，有1000多个国家和地区的1.3万多名境外客商常驻义乌。

　　Yiwu is the world's "commodity capital",nearly 500 thousand foreign businessmen come to Yiwu for purchasing every year,and more than 1.3 overseas customers from more than 1 thousand countries and regions settle in Yiwu.

　　记者手记

　　Reporter’s note　

　　义乌的另一面：喧嚣都市外的品质生活

　　The other side of Yiwu: quality living outside noisy cities

　　义乌的昨天、今天和明天共同勾勒出一幅城市的肖像。这座城市到处都有商机，总是朝气蓬勃，真正贯彻了李克强总理“大众创业、万众创新”的口号。

　　Yiwu’ s past, present and future outline urban scenario. There are business opportunities everywhere in the city. The city is always full of vigor really implementing premier Li Keqiang’ s slogan “mass entrepreneurship and innovation ”.

　　在记者跟随网络名人助力“一带一路”战略活动考察团对浙江义乌为期2天的实地探访中，认识到了义乌肖像的“另一面”，一个休闲，崇尚田园生活的义乌。

　　During two days’ site visit in Zhejiang Yiwu, journalist followed web celebrities supporting “The Belt and the Road” investigation group. I realize the other side of yiwu’ s portrait. It is casual and adores rural lifestyle.

　　4月24日，当漫步在义乌何斯路村的“新农村道路”，诧异于路边那一排排整洁崭新的民宿。在那里结识了“燕子姐姐”，她是义乌当地的一位设计师，3年前因为一个偶然的机会来到何斯路村旅游，被这里的风光吸引。于是在2016年她和几个朋友来到这里，租了一套3层的宅子做起了民宿。

　　On April 24, when I walked in “new countryside road” of Yiwu Hesilu village I was amazed rows of ordely and brand new monasteries by the road. I got to know “sister Yanzi” who is a local designer of Yiwu. She came to Hesilu village to travel by chance 3 years ago and was attracted by the views. So in 2016 she came here with some friends and ranted three-story house starting to run pension.

　　她告诉记者，她非常享受这里的生活，在这样一座繁华的大城市里，能够拥有一片田园风光，是一件幸运的事。

　　She told the journalist she enjoy her life here. It is a lucky thing to have charms of rural life in such a big busy city.

　　据悉，何斯路村被称为是义乌的“普罗斯旺”。从2008年开始，该村在党支部书记何允辉的带领下发展生态旅游，不仅村子的青山绿水、老屋泥房、古樟溪涧被完好地保存了下来，不少以往竞相跑城里过好日子的村民也竞相回迁，努力跟随村里的步伐。

　　It is said, Hesilu village is called “Provence” of Yiwu. Since 2008 this vallige developed eco-tourism under the leadership of the party secretary He Yunhui. Not only clean water and green hills, old houses and mud huts, ancient camphor trees and streams were kept intact, but also many villagers who entered city to live well in the past have returned to the village and try to follow the village fro, position to position.

　　如今，不仅村民回来了，很多像“燕子姐姐”那样的游客也纷纷来到这里“扎根”，据介绍，当中还包括10多个外国人。

　　Now villagers are back and some visitors like “Sister Yanzi” also take root in here including over 10 foriegers.

　　何允辉告诉记者，并不是说只有去做小商品、做电商才是创业，“同样都是为了安居乐业，我们在家门口就可以实现。”

　　He Yunhui told the journalist, not just selling goods and doing e-business are starting a business. “all for a happy and peaceful life, we can make it come true at home”.

　　据何允辉介绍，2016年，该村村民平均收入为36060元，而在2008年，村民平均收入仅为4587元。

　　He Yunhui introduced in 2016 the average revenue of the villagers is 36,060 yuan, but in 2008 which was just 4,587 yuan.

　　正如何斯路村的致富不仅仅是一个“美丽乡村”的故事一样，义乌的这个“另一面”也是这座城市不可分割的一部分。

　　Just as Hesilu village to be rich is not just a story of beautiful village, the other side of Yiwu is a undivided part of the city.

　　城市的生命力在于生生不息的多样性，以及各种业态、各种首要用途、各种文化、各种生活方式的交融。一座城市要做到这些，没有丰厚的底蕴是不行的。

　　Life of cities is all about endless diversity, the blend of every type of business, every primary use, every culture, every lifestyle. A city can’t do these without rich heritage.

　　义乌位于浙江省中部，属浙江省金华市。秦王嬴政二十五年(公元前222年)，成为会稽郡下辖县，时称“乌伤”。唐武德七年(公元621年)定名义乌，沿用至今。1988年，撤销义乌县，设立义乌市。

　　Yiwu located in central Zhejiang province belongs to Zhejiang Jinhua. YingZheng year 25 of Qin (222B.C), Yiwu became a county of Guiji County called “Wushang”. Wude year 7 of Tang Dynasty (621A.D), it was named Yiwu, still in use today. In 1988 Yiwu County was revoked and Yiwu city was set up.

　　虽然通过两天的考察，无法完整的看见义乌的全貌，但是在“一带一路”的战略中，这样的义乌真让人印象深刻。(中国网记者：杨云寒、侯萨穆，见习记者：张云松，翻译：孙吴琦、黄璐、陈萍萍、余乐)

　　Through two days’ observation, I can’t see the full view of Yiwu completely. But Yiwu is so impressive in “The Belt and the Load” strategy.